{"id":4122,"date":"2023-05-27T21:07:52","date_gmt":"2023-05-28T01:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/?page_id=4122"},"modified":"2024-09-12T07:45:49","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T11:45:49","slug":"hawar-archive","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/hawar-archive\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawar Archive"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4122\" class=\"elementor elementor-4122\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ac7ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"15ac7ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a728c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72a728c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db81beb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"db81beb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Hawar-header-r9tdrc01uwbokp8in6plm4i7k9273gc7cfm96n2fnk.jpg\" title=\"Hawar header\" alt=\"Hawar\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c5cb31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c5cb31\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aee14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2aee14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><em>Hawar<\/em><\/strong> was a periodical published in Damascus from 1932 to 1935, then from 1941 to 1943.\u00a0Its founding editor was <a href=\"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/oldsite\/\/celadet-ali-bedirxan-1893-1951\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celadet Al\u00ee Bedirxan<\/a>, a Kurdish intellectual and political activist.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Born in Constantinople in 1893, Celadet was a Kurdish nationalist.\u00a0After the creation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, the Kemalists expelled him and his brother, who shared his views. They supported the \u015e\u00eax Sa\u00eed rebellion in 1925 and the Ararat Rebellion 1930. The defeat of both uprisings was devastating.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1931 Celadet and his brother found refuge in Syria, which was then part of the French Mandate. Since politics and revolution now seemed inadequate for achieving a Kurdish state, they shifted their attention to culture.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They would try to develop a Kurdish national identity, to claim the millennia-old history of the Kurdish people, and to educate Kurds and unify them into a modern self-conscious force. They would validate Kurdish claims to independence based on historical research and thereby win Western sympathy for the Kurdish cause.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To pursue these goals, the Bedirxans published periodicals and books. In 1932 Celadet founded the magazine <em>Hawar <\/em>(The Calling). The first issue appeared on May 15, listing Celadat Al\u00ee Bedirxan as the owner and editor-in-chief. The mailing address was \u201cThe Kurdish Quarter, Damascus.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-029bd99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"029bd99\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f73c9fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-pdf_viewer\" data-id=\"f73c9fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pdf_viewer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/oldsite\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hawar_Year1_No10_1932.pdf&amp;embedded=true\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 1130px; height: 315px;\" frameborder=\"1\" marginheight=\"0px\" marginwidth=\"0px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49bf620 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49bf620\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The magazine, which was to appear bi-monthly, would not be the voice of any party or political organization. Rather, the editorial in the first issue asserted: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarworks.uark.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1865&amp;context=etd\">Hawar is<\/a> the voice of knowledge. Knowledge is to know oneself; knowing oneself opens for us the way of salvation and beauty. Every person that knows himself can make himself known.\u201d<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Up to this point, Kurmanci language had been spelled in the Arabic alphabet. Celadet Ali Bedirxan created a new alphabet using Latin letters. So in that first editorial, he went on to explain that the magazine\u2019s goals were to disseminate the new alphabet and teach it to Kurds, and to publish studies on Kurdish language, on classical and folk literature, on dance and song, customs, and the history and geography of Kurdistan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1651ff0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1651ff0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b306b1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b306b1e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63a294a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63a294a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8bcb00 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-pdf_viewer\" data-id=\"d8bcb00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pdf_viewer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/oldsite\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hawar_Year1_No11_1932.pdf&amp;embedded=true\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 1130px; height: 315px;\" frameborder=\"1\" marginheight=\"0px\" marginwidth=\"0px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5bbd18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5bbd18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first twenty-three issues (which appeared from 1932 to 1935) contain pages of Kurmanci in both the Latin and the Arabic-Persian-alphabets (as well as a few pages in French). Then from issue 24 onward, the magazine used only Latin-alphabet Kurmanci. <em>Hawar<\/em> was the first publication to use this new alphabet, which also became known as the Hawar alphabet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba6c7e2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ba6c7e2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49d0e00 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49d0e00\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8254ecd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8254ecd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56904a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pdf_viewer\" data-id=\"56904a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pdf_viewer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/oldsite\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hawar_Year1_No13_1932.pdf&amp;embedded=true\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 1130px; height: 315px;\" frameborder=\"1\" marginheight=\"0px\" marginwidth=\"0px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-598d1c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"598d1c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Hawar<\/em> magazine was successful on its own terms. It was highly influential in building the Kurdish cultural movement in the Levant, and in disseminating the Latin-character alphabet, which Kurmanci today mostly uses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e49a414 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e49a414\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e185d1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e185d1e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55711db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55711db\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e16c47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pdf_viewer\" data-id=\"2e16c47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pdf_viewer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/oldsite\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hawar_Year1_No15_1933.pdf&amp;embedded=true\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 1130px; height: 315px;\" frameborder=\"1\" marginheight=\"0px\" marginwidth=\"0px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c4974 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4c4974\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-056c341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"056c341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between 1935 and 1941 Celadet paused publication of <em>Hawar<\/em> as he was consumed by his other activities as a lawyer and a French professor. He resumed in 1941 and \u00a0continued until 1943. From 1942 until 1945, he also published a separate monthly journal named <em>Ronah\u00ee<\/em>, comprising 28 issues. The end of the French Mandate in 1946 brought an end to <em>Hawar,<\/em> and to the Kurdish press and Kurdish cultural activities in Syria.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f85e4d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f85e4d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07be091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pdf_viewer\" data-id=\"07be091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pdf_viewer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/oldsite\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hawar_Year1_No17_1933-2.pdf&amp;embedded=true\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 1130px; height: 315px;\" frameborder=\"1\" marginheight=\"0px\" marginwidth=\"0px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-251b4a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"251b4a2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e1d1e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e1d1e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The New York Kurdish Cultural Center is proud to bring to the public five issues from the first year of <em>Hawar<\/em>. They were made available to us by Yek Kareric from his personal collection, for which we are grateful.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By presenting them here, we open a window through which Kurds today may recognize an essential piece of their heritage.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><em>Sources:<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ahmet Serdar Akturk, <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarworks.uark.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1865&amp;context=etd\"><em>Imagining<\/em><\/a><em> Kurdish Identity in Mandatory Syria: Finding a Nation in Exile. <\/em>Ph.D. Diss, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, 2013.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harriet Allsopp, <em>The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. <\/em>New York: I.B. Tauris, 2015.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several issues of this groundbreaking magazine, archived<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4123,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4122","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"campaignId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4122"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7070,"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4122\/revisions\/7070"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nykcc.org\/oldsite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}